student
UDK 656.259.2 Изменения показаний сигналов или торможение поездов под воздействием путевых устройств
Violations in operation of receiving equipment of safety locomotive major devices due to the hindering effect of electromagnetic interference (failures) are a rather frequent phenomenon on the railway network of the Open Joint Stock Company «Russian Railways» in the conditions of electromagnetic environment that has changed dramatically with active introduction of modern electric rolling stock. On the one hand, failures are the result of discrepancy of own parameters and operation algorithm of receiving equipment of safety locomotive major devices opposite interference, existing in inductive coupling channel of automatic locomotive signaling. On the other hand, it is a consequence of the lack of regulatory documentation with uniform established requirements for interference parameters under the influence of which, safety locomotive major devices, primarily built on a relay element base, shall provide for regular operation. Over the past decades, numerous and different by their technical essence attempts have been made to resolve these antagonistic contradictions. This work is one of the first attempts to generalize and analyze the results of pursued research and developments. The work is based on the results of a patent study conducted by the authors in order to identify trends in technical measure development to improve noise immunity in operation of safety locomotive major devices. On their basis, the authors proposed, described in detail and substantiated main technical methods for reducing failure number in the operation of safety locomotive major devices. The obtained results may be of interest to specialists involved in technical servicing, repairment, development and improvement of safety locomotive major devices and will be used further in the development of the theory of locomotive automatic signaling numerical code.
safety device, locomotive automatic signaling, numeric code, interference immunity, electromagnetic compatibility, decoder
1. Lisenkov V.M. Metody analiza i sinteza rel'sovyh cepey (statisticheskiy podhod). Monografiya - M.: VINITI RAN, 2014. - 202 s.
2. Bestem'yanov, P. F. Metodika statisticheskogo modelirovaniya elektromagnitnyh pomeh v kanalah avtomatiki i telemehaniki na zheleznodorozhnom transporte / P. F. Bestem'yanov // Elektrotehnika. - 2015. - № 9. - S. 2-8.
3. Metod ocenki izmeneniya elektromagnitnoy obstanovki v mestah funkcionirovaniya sistem interval'nogo regulirovaniya dvizheniya poezdov / L. A. Baranov, P. F. Bestem'yanov, V. G. Sidorenko, E. G. Scherbina // Nauka i tehnika transporta. - 2013. - № 3. - S. 035-040.
4. Kak povysit' pomehoustoychivost' raboty ALSN / A. K. Tabunschikov, Yu. A. Baryshev, E. V. Gorenbeyn, L. I. Stryapkin // Lokomotiv. - 2013. - № 4(676). - S. 32-33.
5. Scherbina E. G. Harakteristiki pomehoustoychivosti fazochuvstvitel'nyh rele dlya rascheta normativov elektromagnitnoy sovmestimosti / E. G. Scherbina // Vestnik Rostovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta putey soobscheniya. - 2010. - № 3(39). - S. 82-88.
6. Dorosh V. E. Analiz induktivnyh svyazey v sisteme avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii / V. E. Dorosh, D. V. Desyatkov, A. O. Shilin // Obrazovanie - nauka - proizvodstvo : Materialy V Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferencii (s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem), Chita, 07 oktyabrya 2021 goda. - Chita: Zabaykal'skiy institut zheleznodorozhnogo transporta - filial federal'nogo gosudarstvennogo byudzhetnogo obrazovatel'nogo uchrezhdeniya vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya «Irkutskiy universitet putey soobscheniya», 2021. - S. 98-99.
7. Kravcov, Yu. A. Interval'noe regulirovanie pri nalichii pomeh / Yu. A. Kravcov, V. M. Safro, A. B. Chegurov // Mir transporta. - 2012. - T. 10. - № 4(42). - S. 66-70.
8. Midya S. An overview of electromagnetic compatibility challenges in European Rail Traffic Management System / S. Midya, R. Thottappillil // Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. - 2008. - Vol. 16. - I. 5. - Pp. 515-534.
9. Feng J. Analysis and Research on Electromagnetic Compatibility of High Speed Railway Traction Current Harmonics to Track Circuit / J. Feng, J. G. Cao, Z. H. Wu // IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. - 2021. - Vol. 31. - I. 8. - Pp. l-4. - DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3090347.
10. Zhang D. Simulation of electromagnetic environment inside railway / D. Zhang, Y. Wen, J. Zhang, Q. Shan, L. Ma // Proceedings of 2014 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). - 2014. - Pp. 569-573. - DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEAA.2014.6903924.
11. Ruddle A. R. Computation of electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of a railway catenary / A. R. Ruddle // Proceedings of IEE Colloquium on EMC in Electric Traction and Signalling. - 1995. - Pp. 2/1-2/4. - DOI:https://doi.org/10.1049/ic:19951249.
12. Jaekel B. W. Investigation and control methods for the EMC of interlocking systems in the railway environment / B. W. Jaekel // Proceedings of 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. - 2003. - Vol. 1. - Pp. 418-421. - DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC2.2003.1428280.
13. Yang L. Induced voltage study and measurement for communication system in railway / L. Yang, L. C. Hian, L. W. Leong, O. M. C. Kevin // Proceedings of 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC/APEMC). - 2018. - Pp. 32-35. - DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.2018.8393733.
14. Zhang L. Simulation and Analysis for Electromagnetic Environment of Traction Network / L. Zhang, Y. Zhu, S. Chen, D. Zhang // Proceedings of 2021 XXXIVth General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS). - 2021. - Pp. 1-4. - DOI:https://doi.org/10.23919/URSIGASS51995.2021.9560338.
15. Hybrid Numerical Modeling of Electromagnetic Interference in Train Communication Systems / W. Hou, X. Zhang, J. Wang, C. D. Sarris // IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility. - 2020. - Vol. 62. - I. 3. - Pp. 715-724. - DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2019.2920656.
16. Kuz'min V. S. Ustroystva proverki ALS: proshloe, nastoyaschee i blizhayshee buduschee / V. S. Kuz'min, P. M. Merkulov, N. A. Gavrilyuk // Lokomotiv. - 2021. - № 6(775). - S. 37-39.
17. Sistema upravleniya i diagnostiki elektrovoza EP10. Nauchno-tehnicheskoe izdanie / Pod red. S. V. Pokrovskogo. - M.: Intekst, 2009. - 356 s.
18. Vorotilkin, A. V. Problemy vliyaniya tyazhelovesnyh poezdov na pribory bezopasnosti pri elektrotyage peremennogo toka / A. V. Vorotilkin, A. P. Homenko, V. I. Shamanov // Zheleznodorozhnyy transport. - 2006. - № 10. - S. 17-21.
19. Vliyanie tyazhelovesnyh poezdov na rel'sovye cepi i ALSN / I. N. Sheverdin, V. I. Shamanov, Yu. A. Trofimov, A. V. Pul'tyakov // Avtomatika, svyaz', informatika. - 2006. - № 10. - S. 16-19.
20. Shamanov, V. I. Vliyanie usloviy ekspluatacii na ustoychivost' raboty ALSN / V. I. Shamanov, A. V. Pul'tyakov, Yu. A. Trofimov // Zheleznodorozhnyy transport. - 2009. - № 5. - S. 46-50.
21. Patent № 2249508 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B60L 3/00. Ustroystvo kontrolya tyagovogo toka elektrovoza po usloviyam elektromagnitnoy sovmestimosti s fazochuvstvitel'nymi rel'sovymi cepyami zheleznodorozhnoy avtomatiki : № 2003128084/11 : zayavl. 19.09.2003 : opubl. 10.04.2005 / M. D. Rabinovich, B. D. Nikiforov, Yu. A. Kravcov [i dr.] ; zayavitel' Zakrytoe akcionernoe obschestvo «Otraslevoy centr vnedreniya novoy tehniki i tehnologiy». - 6 s.
22. Metodika ocenki rabotosposobnosti rel'sovyh cepey tonal'noy chastoty pri vozdeystvii toka elektropodvizhnogo sostava s asinhronnym tyagovym privodom / P. F. Bestem'yanov, Yu. A. Kravcov, E. G. Scherbina, A. B. Chegurov // Vestnik Rostovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta putey soobscheniya. - 2012. - № 1(45). - S. 87-92.
23. Normativy po elektromagnitnoy sovmestimosti podvizhnogo sostava i rel'sovyh cepey i metody ih proverki / Yu. A. Kravcov, E. V. Arhipov, A. A. Antonov, M. E. Bakin // Nauka i tehnika transporta. - 2014. - № 2. - S. 65-71.
24. Kravcov, Yu. A. Elektromagnitnaya sovmestimost' rel'sovyh cepey i elektropodvizhnogo sostava s asinhronnym tyagovym privodom / Yu. A. Kravcov // Avtomatika na transporte. - 2015. - T. 1. - № 1. - S. 7-27.
25. Istoriya STM [Elektronnyy resurs] // Mashinostroitel'nyy holding zheleznodorozhnoy tehniki - Sinara - Transportnye Mashiny: [sayt]. URL: https://sinaratm.ru/about/history/ (data obrascheniya 26.03.2022).
26. Istoriya Transmashholdinga [Elektronnyy resurs] // TMH: [sayt]. URL: https://www.tmholding.ru/about_us/history_tm/ (data obrascheniya 26.03.2022).
27. Patent № 2248899 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/04. Kompleksnoe lokomotivnoe ustroystvo bezopasnosti unificirovannoe (klub-u) : № 2003129732/11 : zayavl. 08.10.2003 : opubl. 27.03.2005 / A. Yu. Elagin, V. I. Zorin, S. V. Kiseleva [i dr.] ; zayavitel' OOO «Transportnye sistemy bezopasnosti i avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii» (OOO «SB-TRANS-ALS»). - 9 s.
28. Patent № 2653667 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/00. Ustroystvo bortovoy apparatury avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii : № 2017129701 : zayavl. 22.08.2017 : opubl. 11.05.2018 / S. V. Kiseleva, G. K. Kisel'gof, D. M. Krasovickiy [i dr.] ; zayavitel' Akcionernoe obschestvo Nauchno-issledovatel'skiy i proektno-konstruktorskiy institut informatizacii, avtomatizacii i svyazi na zheleznodorozhnom transporte. - 18 s.
29. Patent na poleznuyu model' № 112138 U1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/00. Sistema avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii s kontrolem bditel'nosti mashinista i skorosti dvizheniya lokomotiva : № 2010111367/11 : zayavl. 25.03.2010 : opubl. 10.01.2012 / A. M. Vaygel', A. N. Kapustin, B. D. Nikiforov [i dr.] ; zayavitel' Otkrytoe akcionernoe obschestvo «ROSSIYSKIE ZhELEZNYE DOROGI» (OAO «RZhD»). - 16 s.
30. Patent № 2420418 C2 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/00. Kompleksnoe lokomotivnoe ustroystvo bezopasnosti : № 2007145632/11 : zayavl. 11.12.2007 : opubl. 10.06.2011 / V. I. Zorin, S. A. Perevozchikov, A. S. Rychkov [i dr.] ; zayavitel' Otkrytoe akcionernoe obschestvo «Izhevskiy radiozavod». - 15 s.
31. Patent № 2513341 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 3/20. Sposob avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii nepreryvnogo tipa i ustroystvo avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii nepreryvnogo tipa : № 2012143287/11 : zayavl. 10.10.2012 : opubl. 20.04.2014 / V. V. Viskov, A. V. Gur'yanov, G. K. Kisel'gof [i dr.] ; zayavitel' Otkrytoe akcionernoe obschestvo «Rossiyskie zheleznye dorogi». - 6 s.
32. Patent № 2652676 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/06. Ustroystvo avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii s integrirovaniem prinimaemyh signalov : № 2017107858 : zayavl. 10.03.2017 : opubl. 28.04.2018 / A. K. Tabunschikov, V. S. Kuz'min, L. I. Stryapkin ; zayavitel' Federal'noe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego obrazovaniya «Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet putey soobscheniya Imperatora Nikolaya II» MGUPS (MIIT). - 7 s.
33. Patent na poleznuyu model' № 202178 U1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/06, B61L 3/16. Ustroystvo dlya snizheniya chisla sboev v rabote avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii : № 2020132953 : zayavl. 06.10.2020 : opubl. 05.02.2021 / V. S. Kuz'min. - 11 s.
34. Patent na poleznuyu model' № 159957 U1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/06. Ustroystvo avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii : № 2015114247/11 : zayavl. 16.04.2015 : opubl. 20.02.2016 / V. B. Leushin, A. I. Ledovskih. - 6 s.
35. Patent № 2241620 C2 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61C 17/12, B61L 3/08, B61L 3/20. Sposob peredachi dannyh cherez provodnik tyagovogo toka, provodyaschiy elektricheskiy privodnoy tok dlya transportnyh sredstv : № 2001125935/11 : zayavl. 22.02.2000 : opubl. 10.12.2004 / G. Gripentrog, R. Mayer, E. Shnayder, P. Pribe. - 10 s.
36. Patent № 2304061 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/06. Adaptivnyy priemnik signalov avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii : № 2005137093/11 : zayavl. 30.11.2005 : opubl. 10.08.2007 / V. M. Abramov, B. D. Nikiforov, A. E. Pravdolyubov [i dr.] ; zayavitel' Obschestvo s ogranichennoy otvetstvennost'yu «AVP-Tehnologiya». - 7 s.
37. Patent № 2618616 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/06, H04B 15/00. Ustroystvo podavleniya impul'snyh pomeh na vhode lokomotivnogo priemnika ALS : № 2015154775 : zayavl. 21.12.2015 : opubl. 04.05.2017 / I. A. Argunov, N. Yu. Vihrova, E. V. Gorenbeyn [i dr.] ; zayavitel' Otkrytoe akcionernoe obschestvo «Nauchno-issledovatel'skiy i proektno-konstruktorskiy institut informatizacii, avtomatizacii i svyazi na zheleznodorozhnom transporte». - 7 s.
38. Patent № 2629831 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/00. Sposob zaschity ustroystv avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii ot additivnyh sosredotochennyh pomeh : № 2016137520 : zayavl. 20.09.2016 : opubl. 04.09.2017 / A. S. Arhipov, A. A. Gorchakov, V. A. Kolyada [i dr.] ; zayavitel' Otkrytoe akcionernoe obschestvo «Nauchno-issledovatel'skiy i proektno-konstruktorskiy institut informatizacii, avtomatizacii i svyazi na zheleznodorozhnom transporte» (OAO «NIIAS»). - 9 s.
39. Patent № 2727077 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/06. Odnopolosnyy cifrovoy fil'tr dlya avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii : № 2019114631 : zayavl. 13.05.2019 : opubl. 17.07.2020 / M. E. Skorobogatov, A. V. Pul'tyakov, V. V. Dem'yanov ; zayavitel' Federal'noe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego obrazovaniya Irkutskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet putey soobscheniya (FGBOU VO IrGUPS). - 8 s.
40. Patent na poleznuyu model' № 158579 U1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 3/20. Ustroystvo avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii s dopolnitel'noy kompensaciey pomeh na vhode priemnika : № 2015118934/11 : zayavl. 20.05.2015 : opubl. 10.01.2016 / A. K. Tabunschikov, Yu. A. Baryshev, I. A. Argunov ; zayavitel' Federal'noe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya «Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet putey soobscheniya» MGUPS (MIIT). - 10 s.
41. Patent na poleznuyu model' № 87984 U1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 23/34. Ustroystvo avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii : № 2009117398/22 : zayavl. 08.05.2009 : opubl. 27.10.2009 / Yu. A. Baryshev, A. K. Tabunschikov ; zayavitel' Gosudarstvennoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya «Moskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet putey soobscheniya» (MIIT). - 4 s.
42. Patent № 2533942 C2 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/06. Ustroystvo povysheniya elektromagnitnoy sovmestimosti avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii s obratnoy tyagovoy set'yu : № 2013109329/11 : zayavl. 01.03.2013 : opubl. 27.11.2014 / A. V. Pul'tyakov, Yu. A. Trofimov ; zayavitel' Federal'noe gosudarstvennoe byudzhetnoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya Irkutskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet putey soobscheniya (FGBOU VPO IrGUPS). - 7 s.
43. Patent na poleznuyu model' № 47307 U1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/06. Priemnoe ustroystvo avtomaticheskoy lokomativnoy signalizacii : № 2005105403/22 : zayavl. 25.02.2005 : opubl. 27.08.2005 / R. R. Yusupov, V. B. Leushin, K. E. Blachev ; zayavitel' Gosudarstvennoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya «Samarskaya gosudarstvennaya akademiya putey soobscheniya» (SamGAPS). - 13 s.
44. Patent № 2344958 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/02. Sposob zaschity raboty ustroystv avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii ot pomeh liniy elektroperedach : № 2007113294/11 : zayavl. 09.04.2007 : opubl. 27.01.2009 / Yu. I. Polevoy, L. V. Polevaya, D. V. Agrafenin ; zayavitel' Gosudarstvennoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya «Samarskaya gosudarstvennaya akademiya putey soobscheniya» (SamGAPS). - 5 s.
45. Patent № 2466897 C2 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/02. Ustroystvo zaschity raboty ustroystv avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii ot pomeh liniy elektroperedach : № 2011108178/11 : zayavl. 02.03.2011 : opubl. 20.11.2012 / Yu. I. Polevoy, D. V. Agrafenin, A. V. Vayshnaras ; zayavitel' Gosudarstvennoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya «Samarskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet putey soobscheniya» (SamGUPS). - 6 s.
46. Patent № 2475395 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/02. Ustroystvo zaschity raboty ustroystv avtomaticheskoy lokomotivnoy signalizacii ot pomeh liniy elektroperedach : № 2011127276/11 : zayavl. 01.07.2011 : opubl. 20.02.2013 / Yu. I. Polevoy, A. M. Kosolapov ; zayavitel' Gosudarstvennoe obrazovatel'noe uchrezhdenie vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya «Samarskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet putey soobscheniya» (SamGUPS). - 7 s.
47. Patent № 2656682 C1 Rossiyskaya Federaciya, MPK B61L 25/02. Universal'nyy sposob zaschity raboty ustroystv ALS ot pomeh : № 2017117093 : zayavl. 17.05.2017 : opubl. 07.06.2018 / Yu. I. Polevoy, A. V. Gorelik. - 11 s.