JSC “Scientific and Innovation Center “Vagon” (Department of Strength Calculations, Head)
Russian Federation
JSC “Scientific and Innovation Center “Vagon” (Deputy General Director — Chief Designer)
Russian Federation
The article provides a review of thermal insulation materials and a calculated assessment of the required thickness of thermal insulation used in the design of isothermal rolling stock intended for the transportation of perishable goods while maintaining a specified temperature regime. Objective: systematization and comparative analysis of thermal insulation materials used in the enclosing structures of isothermal wagons, as well as identification of the most effective solutions for ensuring a stable temperature regime during the transportation of perishable goods under various climatic and operational conditions. Results: the main types of thermal insulation are analyzed in terms of their thermal conductivity coefficient, physical and mechanical properties, moisture resistance, fire resistance, and operational durability. A comparative description of traditional and modern materials (polyurethane foam, polystyrene foams, mineral wool, foam glass, vacuum insulation panels, etc.) is provided, and their advantages, disadvantages, and feasibility of use in the enclosing structures of the wagon body are determined. It is established that polyurethane foam and extruded polystyrene foam are the main materials for thermal insulation of walls, roofs, and floors of isothermal wagons due to the optimal combination of low thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and moisture resistance. It is shown that the use of vacuum insulation panels makes it possible to significantly reduce the thickness of enclosing structures and increase the useful volume of the cargo compartment by up to 10 % while maintaining the external dimensions of the wagon. Practical significance: the developed recommendations for the selection of thermal insulation materials can be used in the design of new and modernization of existing isothermal wagons to improve the efficiency of perishable goods transportation. The obtained results make it possible to make informed choices of insulation taking into account the balance between thermal efficiency, durability, and economic costs, which helps to reduce losses of transported products and extend the service life of rolling stock.
isothermal rolling stock, refrigerated car, thermos car, thermal insulation materials, thermal conductivity coefficient, and body thermal insulation
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