Purpose: This paper presents an analysis of the strength and service life of the main frame of the TEM-2 shunting locomotive carried out in accordance with regulatory requirements. The research is aimed at determining the stress-strain state (SSS) of the structure exposed to static and impact loads, as well as at checking compliance with regulatory documents, taking into account the expired service life of these locomotives. Methods: In order to achieve the above-stated objectives, a number of tasks were carried out. These included finite element analysis, modelling of the frame loading considering the weight distribution and onboard equipment layout, and evaluation of the structural response under specific loading conditions. Special attention was given to the phenomenon of low-cycle fatigue and its impact on the durability of the TEM-2 main frame. Results: The findings have enabled an assessment of the current technical condition of the main load-bearing structure, identification of critical areas, and the development of recommendations for extending the remaining service life of the locomotive. Practical significance: The study provides a detailed evaluation of the stress–strain behaviour of the TEM-2 locomotive main frame under design load conditions. This information is of significant interest for enhancing the safety and reliability of shunting locomotives. The results obtained are in line with current regulatory requirements and can form the basis for improving the standards for structural strength calculations and determining design loads for durability assessment of load-bearing elements.