Purpose: The estimation of the residual life of the TEM2 shunting locomotive bearing structure is to be conducted for the bogie frame, with consideration given to the operating loads and degradation of the structure material. Methods: The present paper evaluated the residual life of the shunting locomotive bearing structure considering its bogie frame from the standpoint of fatigue strength. The stress-strain state of the structure was determined at a combination of static and dynamic loads, based on the dynamic effects from track irregularities. An adjusted material fatigue curve was constructed taking into account the degradation of its properties after 40–45 years of operation. The fatigue resistance safety factor was calculated. Results: The research results demonstrated that variable loads, mileage and technical condition of the track are critically important for an accurate forecast of the durability of the locomotive main parts. The results can be applied in extending the rolling stock service life, as well as in developing regulatory requirements for its strength. Practical significance: The approach proposed allows improving the methods for determining the locomotive’s bearing structure service life. The finite element analysis is important for assessing the technical condition of the locomotive parts. It will allow early detection of fatigue damage, which will significantly increase the durability of frame structures. The approach can be recommended for practical use. It will enhance the safety of rolling stock operation, and reduce repair and modernization costs. This approach will increase the safety of rolling stock operation, and reduce the repair and modernization costs.