The aim of this article is to summarize the experience and develop the conceptual framework of simulation modeling in the field of research and validation of system engineering solutions taken at various stages of the life cycle of railway automation and remote control systems. To address the stated objective, a systemic approach and formalization of the key principles and challenges of simulation modeling at the system engineering level have been employed. Terms and definitions have been formulated, collectively forming the conceptual framework in the subject area under consideration. Based on the introduced conceptual framework, a technology for simulation modeling of railway automation and remote control systems at the system level has been proposed. It is stated that a simulation model of a complex system is itself a complex system with its own life cycle, represented in the form of the proposed modeling technology. The main problem highlighted in the application of the simulation modeling method is its lack of structure. To address this issue, various methods of formalization have been proposed at all stages of the life cycle of simulation models. The proposed conceptual framework ensures higher quality of communicativeness and training of participants in solving system engineering problems using simulation modeling methodology. The technology of simulation modeling has been applied and continues to be applied at various stages of the life cycle of microprocessor-based railway automation and remote control systems.