Digital twins of railway infrastructure and rolling stock are emerging as a foundational technology for enhancing the reliability, energy efficiency, and operational controllability by enabling end­to­end integration of lifecycle data (surveying — design — construction — operation — maintenance and repair). Purpose: to systematize contemporary digital twin solutions in the railway sector. Results: an overview of corporate platforms and industry ecosystems, such as operational condition­monitoring platforms, BIM solutions for infrastructure, and network­level PLM approaches, is presented, together with descriptions of applied projects implemented by operators and manufacturers. A classification by solution type and lifecycle stage is proposed; a comparative matrix of leading platforms and cases is presented; and issues of standardization (OpenBIM/IFC), information security requirements, and operational parameters are considered. Practical significance: the review’s findings can inform the selection of an appropriate technology stack and guide the formulation of a roadmap for deploying digital twins in railway transport.