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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Известия Петербургского университета путей сообщения</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1815-588X</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2658-6851</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">109390</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20295/1815-588X-2025-4-999-1012</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Общетехнические задачи и пути их решения</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>GENERAL TECHNICAL PROBLEMS AND SOLUTION APPROACH</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Общетехнические задачи и пути их решения</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Mathematical Modelling of the “Water — Ground Mass — Immersed Section” System</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Математическое моделирование системы «вода — грунтовый массив — опускная секция»</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Сокорнов</surname>
       <given-names>Антон Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sokornov</surname>
       <given-names>Anton Aleksandrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>scarlunch@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Мельник</surname>
       <given-names>Яна Владленовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Mel'nik</surname>
       <given-names>Yana Vladlenovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>melnik-yana@yandex.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ледяев</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Петрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ledyaev</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr Petrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>ledyaev@pgupstm.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пинчук</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Pinchuk</surname>
       <given-names>Aleksandr Vladimirovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>alexandrepinchuk@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University</institution>
     <city>Saint-Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport UniversityAlexander I Petersburg State Transport University</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>05</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>05</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>22</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>999</fpage>
   <lpage>1012</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-06T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>06</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-03T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>03</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://atjournal.ru/en/nauka/article/109390/view">https://atjournal.ru/en/nauka/article/109390/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Разработка рекомендаций по построению математической модели методом конечных элементов для определения напряженно-деформированного состояния опускных секций в системе «вода — грунтовый массив — опускная секция». Методы: Математическое моделирование методом конечных элементов и методом Метрогипротранса. Результаты: При сравнении метода Метрогипротранса с моделированием тоннелей способом опускных секций методом конечных элементов, учитывающим этапы производства работ, выявлены дополнительные силовые эффекты воздействия грунтового основания и призм сползания обратной засыпки. В ходе математического моделирования системы «вода — грунтовый массив — опускная секция» был обнаружен неочевидный эффект гидростатического давления изнутри секции. Для устранения данного эффекта были предложены и проанализированы три варианта решения: задание специального материала заполнения секций; приложение «противодавления» изнутри секции; замена функции Water level на равномерно распределенные нагрузки на каждом этапе моделирования. По результатам сравнительного анализа были выбраны наиболее эффективные варианты, обеспечивающие оптимальное сочетание удобства моделирования и наилучшей сходимости с методом Метрогипротранса. Практическая значимость: Результаты исследования могут быть использованы на этапе проектирования конструкций для моделирования системы «вода — грунтовый массив — опускная секция» методом конечных элементов.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>To formulate recommendations for constructing a mathematical model using the finite element method for determining the stress-strain state of immersed sections within the “water — ground mass — immersed section” system. Methods: The finite element method and the Metrogiprotrans technique were used. Results: When comparing the Metrogiprotrans technique with the finite element method for modelling the immersed tunnel sections that considers construction stages, additional force impacts from the soil foundation and the effects of sliding backfill prisms have been identified. During the mathematical modelling of the “water — ground mass — immersed section” system, an unexpected mathematical phenomenon related to hydrostatic pressure exerted from within the section has been discovered. Three potential solutions have been put forward to mitigate this effect: the introduction of a specified filling material for the sections, the application of internal “back pressure” within the section, and the substitution of the “Water Level” function with a consistent distribution of loads at each simulation stage. Following the comparative analysis of the options, the most effective solution, from a modelling perspective, that aligned with the Metrogiprotrans method, has been chosen. Practical significance: The study’s outcomes can be applied during the design phase of structures to effectively model the “water — ground mass — immersed section” system using the finite element method.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Подводный тоннель</kwd>
    <kwd>опускные секции</kwd>
    <kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd>
    <kwd>метод конечных элементов</kwd>
    <kwd>МКЭ</kwd>
    <kwd>метод Метрогипротранса</kwd>
    <kwd>HRM</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Underwater tunnel</kwd>
    <kwd>immersed sections</kwd>
    <kwd>mathematical modelling</kwd>
    <kwd>finite element method</kwd>
    <kwd>FEM</kwd>
    <kwd>Metrogiprotrans method</kwd>
    <kwd>HRM</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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